What Is Transistor?
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A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals controls the current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.
Austro-Hungarian physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld proposed the concept of a field-effect transistor in 1926, but it was not possible to actually construct a working device at that time.[1] The first working device to be built was a point-contact transistorinvented in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen and Walter Brattain while working under William Shockley at Bell Labs. They shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement.[2] The most widely used transistor is the MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor), also known as the MOS transistor, which was invented by Mohamed Atalla with Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959.[3][4][5] The MOSFET was the first truly compact transistor that could be miniaturised and mass-produced for a wide range of uses.[6]
Transistors revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things. The first transistor and the MOSFET are on the list of IEEE milestones in electronics.[7][8] The MOSFET is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems.[9] An estimated total of 13 sextillion MOSFETs have been manufactured between 1960 and 2018 (at least 99.9% of all transistors), making the MOSFET the most widely manufactured device in history.[10]
Most transistors are made from very pure silicon, and some from germanium, but certain other semiconductor materials are sometimes used. A transistor may have only one kind of charge carrier, in a field-effect transistor, or may have two kinds of charge carriers in bipolar junction transistor devices. Compared with the vacuum tube, transistors are generally smaller, and require less power to operate. Certain vacuum tubes have advantages over transistors at very high operating frequencies or high operating voltages. Many types of transistors are made to standardized specifications by multiple manufacturers.
What is the basic function of a transistor?
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.
What is transistor explain?
A transistor is a device that regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for electronic signals. Transistors consist of three layers of a semiconductor material, each capable of carrying a current.
How is a transistor connected in a circuit?
To connect the transistor as a switch in acircuit, we connect the output of the device that will switch on the transistor to the base of the transistor. The emitter will connect to ground of the circuit. And the collector willconnect to the load that the transistor will turn on and the supply voltage of the circuit.
What are the 2 types of transistors?
Transistors are basically classified into twotypes; they are Bipolar Junction Transistors(BJT) and Field Effect Transistors (FET). The BJTs are again classified into NPN and PNPtransistors. The FET transistors are classified into JFET and MOSFET.
What is the main use of a transistor?
A transistor is a semiconductor with a solid and non-moving part to pass a charge. It can amplify and switch electrical power and electronic signals. Transistors are made of semiconductor material with three or more terminals used to connect to an external circuit.
What is NPN vs PNP?
As they are normally referred, PNP and NPNsensors are both supplied with positive and negative power leads, then produce a signal to indicate an “on” state. PNP sensors produce a positive output to your industrial controls input, while NPN sensors produce a negative signal during an “on” state.
Power transistor. Transistors are three-terminal semiconductor electronic devices that can be used as switches or amplifiers. ... However, if a voltage, typically of about 0.7 V, is applied across the base and emitter, a small current will flow between these terminals. This turns the transistor on, so the lamp will light.
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