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What Is Eddy Current? Scroll Down To Download! Eddy currents (also called Foucault's currents) are loops of electrical currentinduced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor according to Faraday's law of induction. Eddy currents flow in closed loops within conductors, in planes perpendicular to the magnetic field. They can be induced within nearby stationary conductors by a time-varying magnetic field created by an AC electromagnet or transformer, for example, or by relative motion between a magnet and a nearby conductor. The magnitude of the current in a given loop is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field, the area of the loop, and the rate of change of flux, and inversely proportional to the resistivity of the material. When graphed, these circular currents within a piece of metal look vaguely like eddies or whirlpools in a liquid. By Lenz's law, an eddy current creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in the magnetic f...

What Is lithium-ion battery? Scroll Down To Download! A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery(abbreviated as LIB) is a type of rechargeable battery. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used for portable electronics and electric vehicles and are growing in popularity for military and aerospace applications. A prototype Li-ion battery was developed by Akira Yoshino in 1985, based on earlier research by John Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham, Rachid Yazami and Koichi Mizushima during the 1970s–1980s, and then a commercial Li-ion battery was developed by a Sony and Asahi Kasei team led by Yoshio Nishi in 1991. In the batteries, lithium ions move from the negative electrode through an electrolyte to the positive electrode during discharge, and back when charging. Li-ion batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as the material at the positive electrode and typically graphiteat the negative electrode. The batteries have a high energy density, no memory effect (other than LFP cells)...

How UPS Works? Scroll Down To Download! How does an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) work? An uninterruptible power supply (UPS), also known as a battery backup, provides backup power when your regular power source fails or voltage drops to an unacceptable level. A UPS allows for the safe, orderly shutdown of a computer and connected equipment. The size and design of a UPS determine how long it will supply power. UPS Topologies Different UPS topologies provide specific levels of power protection. A CyberPower UPS will belong to one of these three topologies: standby, line interactive, and double-conversion. Standby is the most basic UPS topology. A standby UPS resorts to battery backup power in the event of common power problems such as a blackout, voltage sag, or voltage surge. When incoming utility power drops below or surges above safe voltage levels, the UPS switches to DC battery power and then inverts it to AC power to run connected equipment. These models are d...

What is Frequency of Current? Scroll Down To Download! What is the frequency of AC current? The Basics of Alternating Current. The most common frequency of alternating current is 60 cycles per second (usually termed 60 cycles) or more commonly, 60 Hertz (Hz). What is frequency of AC and DC? The frequency of AC is depended upon the country. But, generally, the frequency is 50Hz or 60Hz. DC has no frequency of zerofrequency. In AC the flow of current changes its direction backwards periodically. It flows in a single direction steadily. Why frequency of AC is 50hz? We should be aware that why use 50Hz or 60Hz, rather than lower or higher frequency. ... The frequency of alternating current is 50(60) Hz, the current direction changes 50(60) cycles, 100(120) times per second. The electric motor is made according to the basic principle of the rotating coil in the magnetic field. Is 50hz better than 60hz? 50Hz vs 60Hz in operating speed The primary difference between ...

What Is Watts? Scroll Down To Download! The watt (symbol: W) is a unit of power. In the International System of Units (SI) it is defined as a derived unit of 1 joule per second, and is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. In SI base units, the watt is described as kg⋅m2⋅s−3. The watt is named after James Watt, an 18th-century Scottish inventor. The terms power and energy are frequently confused. Power is the rate at which energy is generated or consumed and hence is measured in units (e.g. watts) that represent energy per unit time. For example, when a light bulb with a power rating of 100W is turned on for one hour, the energy used is 100 watt hours (W·h), 0.1 kilowatt hour, or 360 kJ. This same amount of energy would light a 40-watt bulb for 2.5 hours, or a 50-watt bulb for 2 hours. Power stations are rated using units of power, typically megawatts or gigawatts (for example, the Three Gorges Dam in China, is rated at approximately 22 gigawatts). This reflects the...

What Is DC Current? Scroll Down To Download! Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of an electric charge. An electrochemical cellis a prime example of DC power. Direct current may flow through a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current. The abbreviations AC and DC are often used to mean simply alternating and direct, as when they modify current or voltage. Direct current may be converted from an alternating current supply by use of a rectifier, which contains electronic elements (usually) or electromechanical elements (historically) that allow current to flow only in one direction. Direct current may be converted into alternating current via an inverter. Direct current has many uses, from the charging of batt...

What Is Capacitor? Scroll Down To Download! A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passiveelectronic component with two terminals. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance. While some capacitance exists between any two electrical conductors in proximity in a circuit, a capacitor is a component designed to add capacitance to a circuit. The capacitor was originally known as a condenser or condensator.[1] This name and its cognates are still widely used in many languages, but rarely in English, one notable exception being condenser microphones, also called capacitor microphones. The physical form and construction of practical capacitors vary widely and many types of capacitor are in common use. Most capacitors contain at least two electrical conductors often in the form of metallic plates or surfaces separated by a dielectricmedium. A conductor may be a foil, thin film, sintered bead of metal, or an electrolyte. The nonconduc...

What Is Diode? Scroll Down To Download! A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistancein the other. A diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a vacuum tube with two electrodes, a heated cathode and a plate, in which electrons can flow in only one direction, from cathode to plate. A semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n junction connected to two electrical terminals. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices. The discovery of asymmetric electrical conduction across the contact between a crystalline mineral and a metal was made by German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1874. Today, most diodes are made of silicon, but other materials such as gallium arsenideand germanium are also used. What is a diode and what i...

What Is Transistor? Scroll Down To Download! A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals controls the current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits. Austro-Hungarian physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld proposed the concept of a field-effect transistor in 1926, but it was not possible to actually construct a working device at that time.[1] The first working device to be built was a point-contact transistorinvented in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen and Walter Brattain while working under William Sho...

Get Your Hands On These Network Marketing Tips Scroll Down To Download!  🔻 # You might have to fight to sign the most people up when you are network marketing. Instead, try to focus on how your work can help people. One way to look at your network marketing efforts is as a contest to engage the most participants. Focus instead on how expanding your network benefits everyone. Make a chart of your goals to keep track of what you want to accomplish with your efforts in network marketing. What are your business goals? Do you see yourself living in a mansion or driving a shiny, red car? To best prepare for these situations you need to calculate your monthly expenses, multiply that by nine, then figure out what you need in case an emergency happens. This might seem like a large amount of money but network marketing can boost your sales enough so you can afford this emergency fund. Follow known and effective business models whenever possible. Observe your upline o...

Is empty space really empty? Scroll Down To Download!  How much of space is empty? 99.9999999 percent But it might humble you to know that all of those things – your friends, your office, your really big car, you yourself, and even everything in this incredible, vast Universe – are almost entirely, 99.9999999 percent empty space. What is empty space in physics? Outer space, especially the relatively empty regions of the universe outside the atmospheres of celestial bodies. Vacuum, a volume of space that is essentially empty of matter, such that its gaseous pressure is much less than atmospheric pressure. Free space, a perfect vacuum as expressed in the classical physics model. What is empty space in universe? Radio astronomers have found the biggest hole ever seen in the universe. The void, which is nearly a billion light years across, is empty of both normal matter and dark matter. The finding challenges theories of large-scale structure formation in the univ...

The speed of light in Vacuum?  Scroll Down To Download!  The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted c, is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics. Its exact value is defined as 299792458 metres per second. Wikipedia Astronomical units per day: 173 Miles per second: 186000 Miles per hour: 671000000 Metres per second: 299792458 Kilometres per hour: 1080000000 Parsecs per year: 0.307 From Sun to Earth (1 AU): 8.3 min What is the speed of light in air or vacuum? Light in air is 1.0003 times slower than light in a vacuum, which slows it all the way down from 299,792,458 meters per second to 299,702,547 meters per second. That's a slowdown of 89,911 meters per second, which looks like a lot but is only three ten-thousandths of the speed of light. What is the speed of light 3x10 8? And the most accepted value of the speed of light till date is 299792458 m/s which is taken as 3×10^8 ms-¹ after rounding of...

What Is Radioactivity?  Scroll Down To Download!  Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. Three of the most common types of decay are alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay, all of which involve emitting one or more particles or photons. What is radioactivity in simple words? Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of radiation in the form of particles or high energy photons resulting from a nuclear reaction. ... A substance that contains unstable atomic nuclei is considered to be radioactive. Radioactive decay is a random or stochastic process that occurs at the level of individual atoms. What is radioactivity explain? Definition of radioactivity. : the property possessed by some elements (such as uranium) or isotopes (such as carbon 14) of spontaneously emitting energetic particles (such as electrons or alpha particles) by the disintegr...

What is a Magnets? Scroll Down To Download!  So we know that magnets are everywhere, but what exactly is a magnet and what is magnetism? A magnet is any object that produces its own magnetic field that interacts with other magnetic fields. Magnets have two poles, a north pole and a south pole. The magnetic field is represented by field lines that start at a magnet’s north pole and end at the south pole. When most people think of magnetism, they think about the magnetic force experienced between two magnets. The magnetic force is caused by the magnet’s magnetic field and points in the direction of the field lines. If you have two magnets next to each other and their north poles are facing each other or their south poles are facing each other, you can see that the field lines move away from each other, so you feel a repelling force between the two magnets. How are magnets used? Magnets are used to make a tight seal on the doors to refrigerators and freezers. They power s...

What is a Stun guns? Scroll Down To Download!  An electroshock weapon is an incapacitating weapon. It delivers an electric shock aimed at temporarily disrupting muscle functions and/or inflicting pain without usually causing significant injury. Many types of these devices exist. Stun guns, batons (or prods), and belts administer an electric shock by direct contact, whereas TASER conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) fire projectiles that administer the shock through thin flexible wires. Long-range electroshock projectiles, which can be fired from ordinary shotguns and do not need the wires, have also been developed. Though the two terms are often used interchangeably, stun guns are actually direct contact weapons that work mainly through pain compliance by affecting the sensory nervous system. It can also cause some muscular disruption, but that generally requires 3-5 seconds of direct contact. In comparison, a TASER device is a long range weapon that incapacitates the targ...

What is Electromagnetic? Scroll Down To Download!  In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields. In a vacuum, electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, commonly denoted c. In homogeneous, isotropic media, the oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, forming a transverse wave. The wavefront of electromagnetic waves emitted from a point source (such as a light bulb) is a sphere. The position of an electromagnetic wave within the electromagnetic spectrum can be characteriz...