Vanadium Information
Scroll Down To Download
🔻
Vanadium Element
Vanadium is a chemical element
with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable
transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once
isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer (passivation) somewhat
stabilizes the free metal against further oxidation.
Andrés Manuel del Río
discovered compounds of vanadium in 1801 in Mexico by analyzing a new lead-bearing
mineral he called "brown lead", and presumed its qualities were due
to the presence of a new element, which he named erythronium (derived from the
Greek word for "red", ἐρυθρόν, eruthrón) since upon heating most of the salts turned red.
Four years later, he was (erroneously) convinced by other scientists that
erythronium was identical to chromium. Chlorides of vanadium were generated in
1830 by Nils Gabriel Sefström who thereby proved that a new element was
involved, which he named "vanadium" after the Scandinavian goddess of
beauty and fertility, Vanadís (Freyja). Both names were attributed to the wide
range of colors found in vanadium compounds. Del Rio's lead mineral was later
renamed vanadinite for its vanadium content. In 1867 Henry Enfield Roscoe
obtained the pure element.
Found combined in various
minerals, coal, and petroleum, vanadium is the 22nd most abundant element in
Earth’s crust. Some commercial sources are the minerals carnotite, vanadinite,
and roscoelite. (Deposits of the important vanadium-bearing mineral patronite
occurring in coal at Mina Ragra, Peru, have been materially depleted.) Other
commercial sources are vanadium-bearing magnetite and flue dust from
smokestacks and boilers of ships burning certain Venezuelan and Mexican oils.
China, South Africa, and Russia were the leading producers of vanadium in the
early 21st century.
Vanadium occurs naturally in
about 65 minerals and in fossil fuel deposits. It is produced in China and
Russia from steel smelter slag. Other countries produce it either from
magnetite directly, flue dust of heavy oil, or as a byproduct of uranium
mining. It is mainly used to produce specialty steel alloys such as high-speed
tool steels. The most important industrial vanadium compound, vanadium
pentoxide, is used as a catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid. The vanadium
redox battery for energy storage may be an important application in the future.
Large amounts of vanadium ions
are found in a few organisms, possibly as a toxin. The oxide and some other
salts of vanadium have moderate toxicity. Particularly in the ocean, vanadium
is used by some life forms as an active center of enzymes, such as the vanadium
bromoperoxidase of some ocean algae.
Movies ColdStar is The Best
Website/Platform For Hollywood HD Movies. We Provide Direct Download Links For
Fast And Secure Downloading. Just Click On Download Button.
Comments
Post a Comment