Xenon Information
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Xenon Element
Xenon is a chemical element
with the symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a colorless, dense, odorless
noble gas found in Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts.[11] Although generally
unreactive, xenon can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation of
xenon hexafluoroplatinate, the first noble gas compound to be synthesized.[12][13][14]
Xenon is used in flash
lamps[15] and arc lamps,[16] and as a general anesthetic.[17] The first excimer
laser design used a xenon dimer molecule (Xe2) as the lasing medium,[18] and
the earliest laser designs used xenon flash lamps as pumps.[19] Xenon is used
to search for hypothetical weakly interacting massive particles[20] and as the
propellant for ion thrusters in spacecraft.[21]
Xenon was discovered in 1898,
in London, by William Ramsay and Morris Travers.
They discovered it in the
residue remaining after liquid air had been fractionally distilled.
Spectroscopic analysis showed the previously unseen beautiful blue lines that
indicated the presence of a new element – xenon.
Travers wrote of their
discovery, “krypton yellow appeared very faint, the green almost absent.
Several red lines, three brilliant and equidistant, and several blue lines were
seen. Is this pure krypton, at a pressure which does not bring out the yellow
and green, or a new gas? Probably the latter!”
The name comes from the Greek
word ‘xenos’, meaning stranger.
Naturally occurring xenon
consists of seven stable isotopes and two long-lived radioactive isotopes. More
than 40 unstable xenon isotopes undergo radioactive decay, and the isotope
ratios of xenon are an important tool for studying the early history of the
Solar System.[22] Radioactive xenon-135 is produced by beta decay from
iodine-135 (a product of nuclear fission), and is the most significant (and
unwanted) neutron absorber in nuclear reactors.[23]
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