Lawrencium Information
Lawrencium Element
Lawrencium is a synthetic
chemical element with the symbol Lr (formerly Lw) and atomic number 103. It is
named in honor of Ernest Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron, a device that was
used to discover many artificial radioactive elements. A radioactive metal,
lawrencium is the eleventh transuranic element and is also the final member of
the actinide series. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, lawrencium
can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements
with charged particles. Thirteen isotopes of lawrencium are currently known;
the most stable is 266Lr with a half-life of 11 hours, but the shorter-lived
260Lr (half-life 2.7 minutes) is most commonly used in chemistry because it can
be produced on a larger scale.
Chemistry experiments have
confirmed that lawrencium behaves as a heavier homolog to lutetium in the
periodic table, and is a trivalent element. It thus could also be classified as
the first of the 7th-period transition metals: however, its electron configuration
is anomalous for its position in the periodic table, having an s2p
configuration instead of the s2d configuration of its homolog lutetium. This
means that lawrencium may be more volatile than expected for its position in
the periodic table and have a volatility comparable to that of lead.
In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s,
many claims of the synthesis of lawrencium of varying quality were made from
laboratories in the Soviet Union and the United States. The priority of the
discovery and therefore the naming of the element was disputed between Soviet
and American scientists, and while the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC) initially established lawrencium as the official name for the
element and gave the American team credit for the discovery, this was
reevaluated in 1997, giving both teams shared credit for the discovery but not
changing the element's name.
atomic number
|
103
|
stablest isotope
|
262
|
oxidation state
|
+3
|
electron configuration of gaseous atomic
state
|
[Rn]5f147s27p1 or 5f146d17s2
|
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