What Is lithium-ion battery?
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A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery(abbreviated as LIB) is a type of rechargeable battery. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used for portable electronics and electric vehicles and are growing in popularity for military and aerospace applications. A prototype Li-ion battery was developed by Akira Yoshino in 1985, based on earlier research by John Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham, Rachid Yazami and Koichi Mizushima during the 1970s–1980s, and then a commercial Li-ion battery was developed by a Sony and Asahi Kasei team led by Yoshio Nishi in 1991.
In the batteries, lithium ions move from the negative electrode through an electrolyte to the positive electrode during discharge, and back when charging. Li-ion batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as the material at the positive electrode and typically graphiteat the negative electrode. The batteries have a high energy density, no memory effect (other than LFP cells) and low self-discharge. They can however be a safety hazard since they contain a flammable electrolyte, and if damaged or incorrectly charged can lead to explosions and fires. Samsung was forced to recall Galaxy Note 7 handsets following lithium-ion fires, and there have been several incidents involving batteries on Boeing 787s.
Chemistry, performance, cost and safety characteristics vary across LIB types. Handheld electronics mostly use lithium polymer batteries (with a polymer gel as electrolyte) with lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO
2) as cathode material, which offers high energy density, but presents safety risks, especially when damaged. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO
4), lithium ion manganese oxide battery (LiMn
2O
4, Li
2MnO
3, or LMO), and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide(LiNiMnCoO
2 or NMC) offer lower energy density but longer lives and less likelihood of fire or explosion. Such batteries are widely used for electric tools, medical equipment, and other roles. NMC and its derivatives are widely used in electric vehicles.
Research areas for lithium-ion batteries include extending lifetime, increasing energy density, improving safety, reducing cost, and increasing charging speed, among others. Research has been under way in the area of non-flammable electrolytes as a pathway to increased safety based on the flammability and volatility of the organic solvents used in the typical electrolyte. Strategies include aqueous lithium-ion batteries, ceramic solid electrolytes, polymer electrolytes, ionic liquids, and heavily fluorinated systems.
What is the difference between a lithium battery and a lithium ion battery?
The practical difference between Lithium batteries and Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is that most Lithium batteries are not rechargeable but Li-ion batteries are rechargeable. ... A lithium battery should never be recharged while lithium-ion batteries are designed to be recharged hundreds of times.
What is in a lithium battery?
The three primary functional components of alithium-ion battery are the positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte. Generally, the negative electrode of a conventionallithium-ion cell is made from carbon. The positive electrode is typically a metal oxide. The electrolyte is a lithium salt in an organic solvent.
How does a lithium ion battery work?
All lithium-ion batteries work in broadly the same way. ... When the battery is discharging, the lithium ions move back across the electrolyte to the positive electrode, producing the energy that powers the battery. In both cases, electrons flow in the opposite direction to the ions around the outer circuit.
Why lithium ion batteries are better?
The li-ion battery advantages include: High energy density: The high energy density is one of the chief advantages of lithium ion batterytechnology. ... Electric vehicles also need abattery technology that has a high energy density. Self-discharge: One issue with many rechargeable batteries is the self discharge rate.
What are the disadvantages of lithium ion batteries?
The li-ion battery disadvantages include: Protection required: Lithium ion cells andbatteries are not as robust as some other rechargeable technologies. They require protection from being over charged and discharged too far. In addition to this, they need to have the current maintained within safe limits.
How can I make my lithium ion battery last longer?
Boosting Battery Life
Use partial-discharge cycles. ...
Avoid charging to 100% capacity. ...
Select the correct charge termination method. ...
Limit the battery temperature. ...
Avoid high charge and discharge currents. ...
Avoid very deep discharges (below 2 V or 2.5 V)
Why lithium ion battery is expensive?
A Load of Lithium
In the past few years alone, lithium prices have shot skyward almost without pause. Much of this growth is due to the increased use of lithium batteries in consumer electronics, large-scale energy storage projects, and electric vehicles.
What is the life of lithium ion battery?
about two to three years
The typical estimated life of a Lithium-Ion battery is about two to three years or 300 to 500 charge cycles, whichever occurs first. Onecharge cycle is a period of use from fully charged, to fully discharged, and fully recharged again.
Why do lithium batteries explode?
In some models, when the battery expanded a little as it charged, the electrodes bent and caused a short circuit. ... Batteries left too close to a heat source—or caught in a fire—have been known to explode. Other external factor can cause a lithium-ion battery to fail, too.
Is Fast charging bad for battery?
The lithium-ion technology that goes into batteries powering modern Androidsmartphones allows for fast recharging. Consumers who are interested in a fast-charging solution sometimes worry that afaster transfer of electricity could damage the phone's battery. But in fact, you have nothing to worry about.
How to extend your Android's phone battery life
Avoid full cycle (zero-100 percent) and overnight charging. ...
Ending a charge at 80 percent is better for the battery than topping all the way up to 100 percent.
Use fast charging technologies sparingly and never overnight.
Heat is the battery killer.
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