What Is ion-propelled aircraft
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An ion-propelled aircraft or, shortened ionocraft, is an aircraft that uses electrohydrodynamics (EHD) to provide lift or thrust in the air without requiring combustion or moving parts. Current designs do not produce sufficient thrust for manned flight or useful loads.
Ionocrafts work by using the last mechanism. A corona wire is strung at the top of the craft, and is charged with a very high voltage. ... The collector is a negatively charged plate or foil that attracts the positive ions. On their path to the collector, the ions will knock into the air molecules in their way.
The phenomenon of ionic wind has been known about for centuries: by applying a voltage to a pair of electrodes, electrons are stripped off nearby air molecules, and the ionized air collides with neutral air molecules as it moves from one electrode to the other.
Electrons are slippery little things, but most of the time the atoms in the air have a good hold on them. Given the right combination of circumstances, however, any atom can lose its grip on its outermost electrons. Enough heat can loose electrons. Radiation can knock electrons off an atom. Exposure to a relatively powerful electric field can rip electrons off an atom.
Then again, most ionocrafts weigh only a few grams. A well-built ionocraft will need about one watt of energy per gram of weight, so keeping it light is essential. There are many tutorials on how to build them, and a basic design takes only an afternoon. Most ionocrafts, or lifters, are basic triangular or hexagonal balsa-wood frames. The wire is wrapped around the top of the frame, and the foil collector around the bottom, with a good air gap between them. (There also needs to be a heat insulator between the wire and the wood.)
The thrust generating components of an ion propulsion system consist of three parts; a corona or emitter wire, an air gap and a collector wire or strip downstream from the emitter. A lightweight insulating frame supports the arrangement. The emitter and collector should be as close to each other as possible, i.e. with a narrow air gap, to achieve a saturated corona current condition that produces maximum thrust. However, if the emitter is too close to the collector it tends to arc across the gap.[citation needed]
Ion propulsion systems require many safety precautions due to the required high voltage.
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