Tantalum Information
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Tantalum Element
Tantalum is a chemical element
with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, it is
named after Tantalus, a villain from Greek mythology.[5] Tantalum is a rare,
hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.
It is part of the refractory metals group, which are widely used as minor
components in alloys. The chemical inertness of tantalum makes it a valuable
substance for laboratory equipment, and as a substitute for platinum. Its main
use today is in tantalum capacitors in electronic equipment such as mobile
phones, DVD players, video game systems and computers. Tantalum, always
together with the chemically similar niobium, occurs in the mineral groups
tantalite, columbite and coltan (a mix of columbite and tantalite, though not
recognised as a separate mineral species).[6] Tantalum is considered a
technology-critical element.
Closely associated with niobium
in ores and in properties, tantalum was discovered (1802) by the Swedish
chemist Anders Gustaf Ekeberg and named after the mythological character
Tantalus because of the tantalizing problem of dissolving the oxide in acids.
Due to the great chemical similarity of niobium and tantalum, the establishment
of the individual identities of the two elements was very difficult. Tantalum
was soon identified with niobium (then called columbium), but in 1844 the
German chemist Heinrich Rose demonstrated their distinct characters. Although
some of the impure metal was isolated earlier, the Russian chemist Werner
Bolton prepared (1903) the first ductile tantalum, which was used briefly as
incandescent lamp-filament material.
Relatively rare, tantalum is
about as abundant as uranium. It occurs, with niobium, in the
columbite–tantalite series (in which columbite [FeNb2O6] and tantalite
[FeTa2O6] occur in highly variable ratios) and the pyrochlore–microlite series
of minerals. Native tantalum metal with some niobium and traces of manganese
and gold occurs sparingly in Russia in placers in the Ural Mountains and
possibly the Altai Mountains in Central Asia. Rwanda is the world’s largest
extractor of tantalum. (For mineralogical properties, see native element
[table].
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