Rubidium Information
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Rubidium Element
Rubidium is a chemical element
with the symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a very soft, silvery-white
metal in the alkali metal group. Rubidium metal shares similarities to
potassium metal and caesium metal in physical appearance, softness and
conductivity.[6] Rubidium cannot be stored under atmospheric oxygen, as a
highly exothermic reaction will ensue, sometimes even resulting in the metal
catching fire.[7]
Rubidium is the first alkali
metal in the group to have a density higher than water, so it sinks, unlike the
metals above it in the group. Rubidium has a standard atomic weight of 85.4678.
On Earth, natural rubidium comprises two isotopes: 72% is a stable isotope
85Rb, and 28% is slightly radioactive 87Rb, with a half-life of 49 billion
years—more than three times as long as the estimated age of the universe.
German chemists Robert Bunsen
and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered rubidium in 1861 by the newly developed
technique, flame spectroscopy. The name comes from the Latin word rubidus,
meaning deep red, the color of its emission spectrum. Rubidium's compounds have
various chemical and electronic applications. Rubidium metal is easily
vaporized and has a convenient spectral absorption range, making it a frequent
target for laser manipulation of atoms. Rubidium is not a known nutrient for
any living organisms. However, rubidium ions have the same charge as potassium
ions and are actively taken up and treated by animal cells in similar ways.
Atomic number
37
Atomic mass
85.4678 g.mol -1
Electronegativity according to Pauling
0.8
Density
1.53 g.cm-3 at 20°C
Melting point
39 °C
Boiling point
696 °C
Vanderwaals radius
0.243 nm
Ionic radius
0.149 nm (+1)
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