Indium Information
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Indium Element
Indium is a chemical element
with the symbol In and atomic number 49. Indium is the softest metal that is
not an alkali metal. It is a silvery-white metal that resembles tin in appearance.
It is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the
Earth's crust. Indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but
lower than lithium and tin. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and
thallium, and it is largely intermediate between the two in terms of its
properties.[6] Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous
Theodor Richter by spectroscopic methods. They named it for the indigo blue
line in its spectrum. Indium was isolated the next year.
Indium is a minor component in
zinc sulfide ores and is produced as a byproduct of zinc refinement. It is most
notably used in the semiconductor industry, in low-melting-point metal alloys
such as solders, in soft-metal high-vacuum seals, and in the production of
transparent conductive coatings of indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass. Indium is
considered a technology-critical element.
Indium is a soft, ductile,
manleable, lustrous metallic metal. Its colour is silvery white and it has a
face-centered tetragonal structure. It is liquid over a wide range of
temperatures, like gallium that belongs to its same group. Both indium and
gallium are able to wet glass. Indium is stable in air and in water but
dissolves in acids. When heated above its melting point it ignites burning with
a violet flame.
Indium is used in low-melting
fusible alloys and as a protective plate for bearings and other metal surfaces.
It can be used to form corrosion-resistant mirror surface: when evaporated and
allowed to deposit on glass it produces a mirror as good a quality as that of
silver. Indium foils are used to assess what is going on inside nuclear reactors.
Finally, it is used as light filter in low pressure sodium vapor lamps.
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