Europium Information
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Europium Element
Europium is a chemical element
with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. Europium is the most reactive
lanthanide by far, having to be stored under an inert fluid to protect it from
atmospheric oxygen or moisture. Europium is also the softest lanthanide, as it
can be dented with a fingernail and easily cut with a knife. When oxidation is
removed a shiny-white metal is visible. Europium was isolated in 1901 and is
named after the continent of Europe.[5] Being a typical member of the
lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3, but the oxidation
state +2 is also common. All europium compounds with oxidation state +2 are
slightly reducing. Europium has no significant biological role and is
relatively non-toxic compared to other heavy metals. Most applications of
europium exploit the phosphorescence of europium compounds. Europium is one of
the rarest of the rare earth elements on Earth.[6]
Properties of europium
Europium, a member of the
lanthanides group of elements, ignites at air temperatures of 302 to 356 F (150
to 180 C), which is the case of all other rare earth metals with the exception
of lanthanum. Europium can be easily molded or shaped and is about as hard as
lead. It is the most reactive of the rare earth metals, quickly oxidizing in
air and, like calcium, it reacts quickly and vigorously with water. [See
Periodic Table of the Elements]
Sources of europium
Europium can be found in the
ores bastnasite and monazite. The element has also been identified in the sun
and some stars.
Europium is produced by mixing
europium oxide (Eu2O3) with a 10 percent excess of lanthanum metal and heating
the mixture under high vacuum. During the process, a silvery-white metallic
substance containing europium is deposited on the walls of the container.
Uses of europium
Laser material is one byproduct
of europium-doped plastic. The cost of production has been greatly reduced
through the development of special processes and ion-exchange techniques.
There are 17 isotopes currently
recognized, some of which are being studied for use in nuclear control
applications because they are good neutron absorbers.
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