Dysprosium Information
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Dysprosium Element
Dysprosium is a chemical
element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare-earth element
with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free
element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime. Naturally occurring
dysprosium is composed of seven isotopes, the most abundant of which is 164Dy.
Dysprosium was first identified
in 1886 by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, but it was not isolated in pure
form until the development of ion-exchange techniques in the 1950s. Dysprosium
has relatively few applications where it cannot be replaced by other chemical
elements. It is used for its high thermal-neutron absorption cross-section in
making control rods in nuclear reactors, for its high magnetic susceptibility
({\displaystyle \chi _{v}\approx 5.44\times 10^{-3}}{\displaystyle \chi
_{v}\approx 5.44\times 10^{-3}}) in data-storage applications, and as a
component of Terfenol-D (a magnetostrictive material). Soluble dysprosium salts
are mildly toxic, while the insoluble salts are considered non-toxic.
Dysprosium is a relatively hard
metal and is silvery white in its pure form. It is quite stable in air,
remaining shiny at room temperature. Dysprosium turnings ignite easily and burn
white-hot. The metal slowly reacts with water and quickly dissolves in diluted
acids—except hydrofluoric acid (HF), in which it forms a protective layer of
insoluble DyF3. The metal is a very strong paramagnet above approximately 180 K
(−93 °C, or −136 °F); it is antiferromagnetic between about 90 (−183 °C, or
−298 °F) and 180 K and ferromagnetic below 90 K.
French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq
de Boisbaudran first found this element (1886) associated with holmium and
other heavy lanthanides; French chemist Georges Urbain later (1906) was able to
prepare a reasonably pure fraction. Some important mineral sources of
dysprosium are laterite ionic clays, xenotime, fergusonite, gadolinite,
euxenite, polycrase, and blomstrandine. It also occurs in the products of
nuclear fission.
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