Hydrogen Information

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Hydrogen

The most abundant element in the universe, hydrogen is also a promising source of "clean" fuel on Earth.

Named after the Greek words hydro for "water" and genes for "forming," hydrogen makes up more than 90 percent of all of the atoms, which equals three quarters of the mass of the universe, according to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Hydrogen is essential for life, and it is present in nearly all the molecules in living things, according to the Royal Society of Chemistry. The element also occurs in the stars and powers the universe through the proton-proton reaction and carbon-nitrogen cycle. Stellar hydrogen fusion processes release huge amounts of energy as they combine hydrogen atoms to form helium, according to Los Alamos.

Pure hydrogen gas is scarce in Earth's atmosphere and any hydrogen that actually enters the atmosphere rapidly escapes Earth's gravity, according to the Royal Society. On our planet, hydrogen occurs mainly in combination with oxygen and water, as well as in organic matter such as living plants, petroleum and coal, Los Alamos reports.

Hydrogen Fact

• Atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus): 1
• Atomic symbol (on the Periodic Table of Elements): H
• Atomic weight (average mass of the atom): 1.00794
• Density: 0.00008988 grams per cubic centimeter
• Phase at room temperature: Gas
• Melting point: minus 434.7 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 259.34 degrees Celsius)
• Boiling point: minus 423.2 F (minus 252.87 C)
• Number of isotopes (atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons): 3 common isotopes, including 2 stable ones
• Most common isotope: 1H, natural abundance 99.9885 percent

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