Rhodium Information
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Rhodium Element
Rhodium is a chemical element
with the symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white, hard,
corrosion-resistant, and chemically inert transition metal. It is a noble metal
and a member of the platinum group. It has only one naturally occurring
isotope, 103Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is usually found as free metal, as
an alloy with similar metals, and rarely as a chemical compound in minerals
such as bowieite and rhodplumsite. It is one of the rarest and most valuable
precious metals.
Rhodium is found in platinum or
nickel ores together with the other members of the platinum group metals. It
was discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston in one such ore, and named for
the rose color of one of its chlorine compounds.
Just the facts
·
Atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus): 45
·
Atomic symbol (on the periodic table of the elements): Rh
·
Atomic weight (average mass of the atom): 102.90550
·
Density: 12.41 grams per cubic centimeter
·
Phase at room temperature: Solid
·
Melting point: 3,567 degrees F (1,964 degrees C)
·
Boiling point: 6,683 degrees F (3,695 degrees C)
·
Number of isotopes (atoms of the same element with a different
number of neutrons): 24 whose half-lives are known; one stable
·
Most common isotopes: One stable isotope Rh-103
The element's major use
(approximately 80% of world rhodium production) is as one of the catalysts in
the three-way catalytic converters in automobiles. Because rhodium metal is
inert against corrosion and most aggressive chemicals, and because of its
rarity, rhodium is usually alloyed with platinum or palladium and applied in
high-temperature and corrosion-resistive coatings. White gold is often plated
with a thin rhodium layer to improve its appearance while sterling silver is
often rhodium-plated for tarnish resistance. Rhodium is sometimes used to cure
silicones; a two-part silicone in which one part containing a silicon hydride
and the other containing a vinyl-terminated silicone are mixed. One of these
liquids contains a rhodium complex.[5]
Rhodium detectors are used in
nuclear reactors to measure the neutron flux level. Other uses of rhodium
include asymmetric hydrogenation used to form drug precursors and the processes
for the production of acetic acid..
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