Hassium Information
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Hassium Element
Hassium is a chemical element
with the symbol Hs and the atomic number 108. Hassium is highly radioactive;
the most stable known isotope, 269Hs, has a half-life of approximately 16
seconds. One of its isotopes, 270Hs, has magic numbers of both protons and
neutrons for deformed nuclei, which gives it greater stability against
spontaneous fission. Hassium has been made only in laboratories in minuscule
quantities; its possible occurrence in nature has been hypothesized but no
natural hassium has been found so far.
The first attempts to
synthesize element 108 were made in two different experiments at the Joint
Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Moscow Oblast, Russian SFSR,
Soviet Union, in 1978. More attempts were made at the same venue in 1983 and
then in 1984; the latter resulted in a claim that element 108 had been
produced. Later in 1984, an attempt was made at the Gesellschaft für
Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Hesse, West Germany, which claimed to
have synthesized it. The 1993 report by the Transfermium Working Group, formed
by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the International
Union of Pure and Applied Physics, concluded the report from Darmstadt was more
conclusive on its own and the major credit was assigned to the German
scientists, who then chose the name hassium after the German state of Hesse.
In the periodic table of
elements, hassium is a transactinide element, a member of the 7th period and
group 8; it is thus the sixth member of the 6d series of transition metals.
Chemistry experiments have confirmed that hassium behaves as the heavier
homologue to osmium, in group 8, reacting readily with oxygen to form a
volatile tetroxide. The chemical properties of hassium have only been partly
characterized but they compare well with the chemistry of the other group 8
elements.
The GSI research team, led by
Peter Armbruster, produced an isotope of hassium in a fusion reaction by
irradiating lead-208 with ions of iron-58. The isotope, which has a mass number
of 265, is exceedingly unstable and has a half-life of only 2 milliseconds.
Experiments conducted by A.G. Demin and other researchers at the Joint
Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, U.S.S.R., suggested the
existence of two more isotopes of hassium with mass numbers of 263 and 264.
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